세인트 존스 워트 : 10 가지 잠재적 인 건강상의 이점, 복용량 및 부작용

St. John 's Wort는 과학적으로 Hypericum perforatum으로 알려져 있습니다 . 유럽 ​​원산의 꽃 식물입니다. 그것은 많은 질병을 치료하기 위해 수세기 동안 민간 요법에서 사용되었습니다. St. John 's Wort 추출물에는 hypericin과 hyperforin과 같은 활성 성분이 포함되어 있습니다. 이 식물은 항 염증, 항균, 항산화 및 항암 특성을 가지고 있다고합니다. 이 약초는 우울증 치료, 갱년기 증상 조절, 상처 치유, 주의력 결핍 과잉 행동 장애 (ADHD) 개선, 불안 장애 치료에 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

이 기사에서는 St. John 's Wort의 건강상의 이점, 복용량 및 잠재적 부작용에 대해 논의합니다. 계속 읽으세요.

St. John 's Wort의 이점은 무엇입니까?

1. 우울증 치료에 도움이 될 수 있습니다

St. John 's Wort는 우울증 치료에 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 일반적으로이 심리적 문제를 치료하기 위해 항우울제와 같은 약물이 사용됩니다. 항우울제는 일반적으로 다른 부작용이 있습니다. St. John 's Wort는 뇌의 화학 메신저 수준을 증가시킬 수있는 하이퍼 포린, 아디 퍼포 린 및 하이퍼 리신과 같은 일부 활성 성분을 보유하고 있다고합니다 (1).

한 연구에 따르면 St. John 's Wort를 복용 한 참가자는 항우울제를 사용하는 참가자보다 부작용을 경험할 가능성이 훨씬 적습니다 (2). 또한 St. John 's Wort를 사용하면 항우울제와 비슷한 정도로 우울증 증상이 감소합니다 (3).

퀸즐랜드 대학에서 실시한 또 다른 연구는 경증 우울증 치료에 St. John 's Wort의 사용을지지했습니다 (4). 29 개의 국제 연구에 대한 검토에 따르면 St. John 's Wort는 위약보다 낫고 우울증 치료에 사용되는 다른 표준 처방 항우울제만큼 효과적 일 수 있습니다 (5).

2. 갱년기 증상을 조절할 수 있습니다.

St. John 's Wort 추출물은 폐경기의 심리적 및 식물 적 증상을 완화하는 데 사용할 수 있습니다. 폐경기 여성의 삶의 질과 안면 홍조를 개선 할 수 있습니다. 이 메커니즘을 더 잘 이해하려면 더 큰 임상 시험이 필요합니다 (6).

또 다른 연구에서는 12 주 동안 매일 900mg의 St. John 's Wort를 보충 한 111 명의 여성이 폐경기 증상이 개선 된 것으로 나타났습니다 (7). 또 다른 연구에 따르면이 식물은 폐경기 전후 또는 폐경기 여성의 혈관 운동 증상에 대한 효과적인 치료법으로 사용될 수 있습니다 (8).

또한 St. John 's Wort 추출물과 허브와의 조합은 폐경기 여성에게 부작용이 적습니다 (9). St. John 's Wort로 매일 치료하는 것이 월경 전 증후군 (PMS) 치료에 더 효과적이었습니다 (10).

3. 상처 치유에 도움이 될 수 있습니다

St. John 's Wort는 전통적으로 상처와 화상을 치료하는 데 사용됩니다 (11), (12). 이 허브의 추출물은 피부 상처 치유를 촉진하는 민간 요법으로도 사용되었습니다 (13). St. John 's Wort는 또한 염증 반응이 빨라졌고 당뇨병 수술 상처를 치유하는 데 도움이되었습니다 (14).

이 약초와 그 대사 산물 (하이퍼 포린)은 염증성 피부 질환 치료에 도움이되는 것으로 밝혀졌습니다 (15). St. John 's Wort는 콜라겐 합성과 섬유 아세포 이동의 결과로 상처를 치료하는 것으로 밝혀졌습니다 (16).

4. 주의력 결핍 과잉 행동 장애 (ADHD) 치료 가능

St. John 's Wort는 주의력 결핍 과잉 행동 장애 (ADHD) 치료에 도움이 될 수 있습니다. Bozen, Bolzano 지역 병원에서 수행 한 연구에 따르면 St. John 's Wort는 환자의 과잉 행동 및 미성숙 요인의 평균 점수에서 약간의 개선을 보였습니다 (17).

그러나 ADHD가있는 어린이와 청소년을 치료하기 위해 St. John 's Wort 추출물을 사용한 연구에서는 증상이 호전되지 않았습니다 (18). 따라서 St. John 's Wort의 이러한 이점을 더 잘 이해하려면 더 장기적인 연구가 필요합니다.

5. 불안 장애를 치료할 수 있습니다

St. John 's Wort는 불안 장애 치료에 도움이 될 수있는 몇 가지 유익한 치료 특성을 가지고 있습니다. 이 식물은 동반 불안을 동반 한 주요 우울 장애 (MDD)의 치료에 사용되는 항우울제 특성을 가지고 있습니다 (19). Western Illinois University에서 생쥐를 대상으로 실시한 연구에 따르면 St. John 's Wort는 외상 후 스트레스 장애 (불안 장애 포함)의 치료에 도움이되었습니다 (20).

그러나 이와 관련하여 더 많은 연구가 필요합니다.

6. 아토피 피부염 치료 가능

St. John 's Wort의 주성분 인 Hyperforin은 항염 효과가 있습니다. St. John 's Wort 크림의 국소 도포는 아토피 피부염 치료에 도움이 될 수 있습니다 (21).

하이퍼 포린 및 하이퍼 리신과 같은 식물의 구성 성분은 아토피 피부염 치료에 도움이 될 수있는 항산화, 항 염증, 항암 및 항균 특성을 가지고 있습니다 (22). 또한 hypericin은 비 흑색 종 피부암의 선택적 치료에 사용할 수있는 감광제입니다 (22).

이와 관련하여 더 많은 연구가 필요합니다.

7. 신체형 장애를 치료할 수 있습니다.

신체형 장애는 신체적 상해로 나타나는 정신 장애입니다. 초기 연구에 따르면 St. John 's Wort는 신체형 장애 환자에서 약간의 효능을 가질 수 있습니다 (23). 또 다른 연구에서는 매일 600mg의 St. John 's Wort 추출물을 투여하는 것이 신체형 장애 치료에 효과적이었습니다 (24).

8. 암 위험을 줄일 수 있습니다

Hyperforin 및 그 유도체 (예: aristoforin)는 몇 가지 약리학 적 특성을 가진 St. John 's Wort의 천연 제품입니다. Hyperforin은 강력한 항암제로 알려져 있습니다 (25). St. John 's Wort의 멜라토닌이 풍부한 생식 질 계통은 항산화 특성을 가지고 있다고합니다. 암세포 성장을 억제하는 데 도움이됩니다 (26).

Hyperforin은 또한 다양한 암세포의 프로그램 된 세포 사멸을 촉진하고 암세포의 이동 능력을 억제합니다 (27), (28). Hyperforin과 그 유도체는 독성이 낮고 항 종양 특성을 지닌 항암제로서 탁월한 위치를 차지하고 있습니다 (29). 한 연구에 따르면 하이퍼 포린은 백혈병의 경우 암세포 사멸을 유도 할 수 있다고합니다 (30), (31).

9. 부비동 혼잡을 치료할 수 있습니다

Some studies suggest that St. John’s Wort may work against sinusitis and seasonal affective disorder (SAD) (32). St. John’s Wort has antibiotic and antiviral properties that may help relieve phlegm congestion, sinus infection, flu, and bronchitis symptoms. However, further research is needed to understand this benefit of St. John’s Wort in humans.

10. May Lower Blood Pressure

St. John’s Wort has strong anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, which may help lower blood pressure. Some anecdotal evidence suggests that this medicinal herb minimizes inflammation in the cardiovascular system and decreases stress on the heart. However, more research is warranted in this regard.

Insufficient evidence to rate effectiveness for

St. John’s Wort has a long history of use in folk medicine for treating a diverse range of disorders that include inflammation, wounds, bacterial and viral infections, peptic ulcers, and respiratory impairments (33). St. John’s Wort is said to possess analgesic and antinociceptive properties that help in the management of pain (34). Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a central nervous system disorder that is characterized by axonal injury and inflammation. St. John’s Wort is said to possess anti-inflammatory properties that help treat multiple sclerosis (MS) (35).

The strong anti-inflammatory properties of St. John’s Wort make it an ideal solution for severe joint pains, gout, and muscle spasms. The ethyl acetate extract of St. John’s Wort could show antihyperglycemic activity in diabetic rats (36). Animal studies state that St. John’s Wort has hepatoprotective effects that could help treat hepatic ischemia in rats (37). St. John’s Wort may help fight against diabetes. The administration of its extracts (125 and 250 mg/kg) induced a significant decrease in high blood glucose levels in diabetic rats (38).

Following are some of the purported benefits of St. John’s Wort that have insufficient evidence:

• Brain tumor (glioma)

  John’s Wort may help treat glioma through intravenous injection (39). However, insufficient data is available to prove this claim.

• Herpes

Recent studies have shown that St. John’s Wort contains certain antiviral properties. This herb is believed to be helpful in the treatment of herpes, AIDS, hepatitis B, and several other serious viral conditions (40), (41).

• Smoking cessation

St. John’s Wort could attenuate nicotine withdrawal signs in mice. The plant was also used as a natural antidepressant in mice. More studies in humans are needed (42). St. John’s Wort proves to be effective in larger controlled studies. It could represent a less expensive, more readily accessible, and well-tolerated agent to promote tobacco cessation (43). However, further studies are necessary to understand the possibility of St. John’s wort in the treatment of smoking cessation in humans.

• Helps create a hormonal balance

St. John’s Wort is a widely popular treatment for hormonal imbalances. Its chemical composition is especially shown to lower the hormonal imbalances in a menopausal woman. It may reduce mood swings, the severity of the cramps, irritation, depression, and anxiety levels (44). However, further evidence is needed to confirm its effectiveness.

Other potential benefits of St. John’s Wort that lack any research include the following:

• Migraine headache

• Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD)

• Skin redness and irritation (plaque psoriasis)

• Tooth pulling

• Nerve pain

• Burning mouth syndrome

• Post-operative pain

Though more research is warranted, the plant does have some benefits. In the following section, we will look at the ideal dosage of the plant.

Dosage*

For Children and young adults (>18 years)

• For ADHD – 300 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (18)
• For depression – 150-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times daily for eight weeks (41)

For Adults

• For anxiety – 900 mg St. John’s Wort, twice daily for twelve weeks (45)
• For cancer – 05-0.50 mg per kg of hypericin, for two months (46)
• For mild to moderate depression – 20-1800 mg St. John’s Wort, three times for 4 to 52 weeks
• For severe depression – 900-1800 mg, once daily for 8 to 12 weeks (47)
• For obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) – 450-1800 mg, once daily for 12 weeks (48)
• For premenstrual syndrome (PMS) – 300-900 mg daily for two menstrual cycles (49)
• For smoking cessation – 300 mg, once or twice daily for three months (50)

* These values are taken only from randomized clinical trials. They are for reference only. None of them have been proven to treat any particular ailment. Consult your doctor for more information.

Though St. John’s Wort is generally safe for consumption, it also may have some side effects. We will explore them in the following section.

What Are The Potential Side Effects Of St. John’s Wort?

The uncontrolled and unprescribed dosage of St. John’s Wort may cause several side effects. These include allergic reactions, sedation, gastrointestinal symptoms, headache, skin reactions, dry mouth, tiredness/restlessness, and dizziness. The majority of these reactions were generally considered to be mild, moderate, or transient (51), (52), (53).

Some research has indicated that taking certain herbal supplements, including St. John’s Wort, may increase your risk of complications if you are put under anesthesia. You should not take St. John’s Wort at least two weeks before a scheduled surgery (54).

Photosensitivity reactions affecting the skin are other serious adverse reactions associated with St. John’s Wort. Recent data suggest that photosensitivity reactions are dose-related, with increased sensitivity associated with higher doses. Extracts of St. John’s Wort are used in the treatment of depression. They contain various substances with naphthodianthrones hypericin and pseudohypericin as characteristic ingredients. These compounds may lead to phototoxicity in animals and humans (55), (56).

Also, St. John’s Wort may cause liver injury, tingling, and erectile or sexual dysfunction. However, limited research is available in this regard.

Possible Drug Interactions

St. John’s Wort may react with certain drugs. Generally, most herbs interact with prescribed drugs and have the potential to influence metabolic reactions (56), (57).

In a study, drug interactions with St. John’s Wort had affected the organ systems and the central nervous system. St. John’s Wort and fluoxetine have a similar profile, and this demonstrates that herbal preparations can result in adverse drug reactions that are similar to those of prescription medications (58). In another study, St. John’s Wort interacted with cyclosporin A metabolism. The drug is involved in the careful monitoring of blood levels in a patient after liver transplantation (59).

St. John’s Wort may interact with medicines such as warfarin, phenprocoumon, cyclosporine, oral contraceptives, theophylline, digoxin, indinavir, and lamivudine (60).

Also, it may interact with other drugs. These include:

• Antibiotics, antidepressant SSRIs, and Triptans

St. John’s Wort may interact with selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs). This interaction may lead to agitation, nausea, confusion, and diarrhea (56).

• Oral contraceptives

St. John’s Wort may interact with oral contraceptives. This results in breakthrough bleeding among women who are taking birth control pills along with St. John’s Wort (56).

• Immunosuppressants and blood thinners such as warfarin

Warfarin may interact with St. John’s Wort, which can lead to severe adverse reactions that are sometimes life-threatening (61).

• Sedatives and medications used to treat generalized anxiety disorder; drugs used to treat cancer, heart conditions, and HIV/AIDS

From one study, patients with HIV experienced an increase in HIV RNA viral load following the use of St. John’s Wort (56).

• Over-the-counter medications (for sleep, cough, and cold)

St. John’s Wort also interacts with anticonvulsants such as carbamazepine, phenobarbitone and phenytoin, theophylline, cyclosporin, phenprocoumon, and digoxin. However, more long-term research is needed to further understand these drug interactions.

Conclusion

St. John’s Wort is an effective dietary supplement and medicinal herb for treating various nervous system related disorders. It is said to possess anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties and helps to treat many ailments. It may help treat depression, control menopausal symptoms, help in wound healing, and treat anxiety disorders. However, excess and unprescribed usage of this herbal drug may lead to some adverse reactions. Hence, limit its usage and consult your health care provider in case of any medical emergencies.

Expert’s Answers for Readers Questions

How long does St. John’s Wort take to start working?

St. John’s Wort may take 3 to 6 weeks to show any effects. Do not stop taking it all at once, as you may otherwise experience side effects.

Should I take St. John’s Wort in the morning or night?

St. John’s Wort works best if taken twice a day. In the third and fourth weeks of your treatment, take 300 mg in the morning and 600 mg in the evening. In the fifth week, consider increasing the dose to 600 mg twice a day. Like all antidepressants, it can take four to six weeks before you feel any benefits. Consult your doctor for more information on the use and dosage.

Does St. John’s Wort make you gain weight?

No. St. John’s Wort has the potential to prevent obesity and abnormalities with lipid metabolism. It does not lead to weight gain.

Is St. John’s Wort bad for your heart?

St. John’s Wort is well known to help treat depression in heart patients, with less negative side effects on the heart than traditional antidepressants.

Can St. John’s Wort damage the liver?

St. John 's Wort는 간 손상과 관련이 없습니다. 많은 약초-약물 상호 작용 및 효과로 인해 약초는 간 기능에 영향을 미치거나 간 손상을 일으킬 수 있습니다. 간 약과 함께 복용하지 마십시오. 의사와 상담하십시오.

St. John 's Wort로 술을 마실 수 있습니까?

St. John 's Wort로 치료하는 동안 알코올 사용을 피하거나 제한해야합니다. 알코올은 어지러움, 졸음, 집중력 저하 등 신경계와 관련된 St. John 's Wort의 부작용을 증가시킬 수 있습니다.

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